Technically, treason against state of Illinois, but lynching was for religious views, especially plural marriage/ polygamy. Smith, Joseph (founder of Mormonism) and brother Hyrum Smith "Not guilty" verdict jury foreman member of mob. Four successive printing presses destroyed. Had moved to Alton to escape violence in St. Reported on by abolitionist editor Elijah Lovejoy, who was soon lynched himself.Ībolitionist newspaper editor and publisher Īrrested on charge of disturbing the peace, McIntosh stabbed the deputies who told him he would serve five years for the offense.īurned alive. Three law officers were themselves hanged by lynch mobs (Henry Plummer in 1864 James Murray in 1897 Carl Etherington in 1910). At least six law officers were killed trying to stop lynch mobs, three of whom succeeded at the cost of their own lives, including Deputy Sheriff Samuel Joseph Lewis in 1882, and two law officers in 1915 in South Carolina. Other ethnicities, including Finnish-Americans and German-Americans were also lynched occasionally. Native Americans, Asian Americans and Italian-Americans were also lynched. On a per capita basis, lynchings were also common in California and the Old West, especially of Latinos, although they represented less than 10% of the national total. Raper investigated one hundred lynchings during the 1930s and estimated that approximately one-third of the victims were falsely accused.
Rape or attempted rape was the second most common accusation such accusations were often pretexts for lynching black people who violated Jim Crow etiquette or engaged in economic competition with white people. Wells and the Tuskegee University, most lynching victims were accused of murder or attempted murder. The purpose was to enforce white supremacy and intimidate black people through racial terrorism. White lynchings of black people also occurred in the Midwestern United States and the Border States, especially during the 20th-century Great Migration of black people out of the Southern United States. More than 73 percent of lynchings in the post–Civil War period occurred in the Southern states. Most lynchings were of African-American men in the Southern United States, but women were also lynched. Nearly 3,500 African Americans and 1,300 whites were lynched in the United States between 18.
Lynchings in the United States rose in number after the American Civil War in the late 19th century, following the emancipation of slaves they declined in the 1920s. Lynchers may claim to be issuing punishment for an alleged crime, however they are not a judicial body nor deputized by one. While the definition has changed over time, lynching is often defined as the summary execution of one or more persons without due process of law by a group of people organized internally and not authorized by a legitimate government. This is a list of lynching victims in the United States. Lynching of the Ruggles brothers in Redding, California on July 24, 1892
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